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Why Good Companies Go Bad (And How to Stop It)

Y CombinatorMay 22, 202650m
Topics54
The Value of Making Money0:00Introduction to Eric Ries and Incorruptible0:30Origin of the Book1:01Zero to One vs. Longevity1:30The Blind Spot of Success2:00The Professor's Story2:30Investor Concerns and Corporate Structure3:01The Wake for a Successful Founder3:31The Reality of the Event4:00Trust and Temporary Organizations4:30Delaware Corporate Law and Shareholder Primacy5:01Shareholder Primacy as a Recent Concept5:32The Possibility of Incorruptible Companies6:30The Lawyer's Response7:00Resistance to New Approaches7:30Evidence Against Best Practices8:00The Twilio Case Study8:32The Pandemic and Stock Performance9:30Lack of Grace Period10:02Historical Pattern of Founder Removal10:30Mission Control as a Third Way11:30Beyond Super-Voting Shares12:00The Legend of Sol Price12:30Fiduciary Hierarchy13:01Shareholder Value as Exhaust13:30The True Cost of Philip Morris14:30Governance and Long-Term Outcomes15:01FedMart's Customer-First Practices15:31Going Public and Investor Pressure16:31The Lockout and Aftermath17:31Price's Return and Costco's Origins18:00The Governance Fortress19:02The Formula for Incorruptible Companies19:31Finding the Right Board Members20:01Costco Versus Kroger Governance Comparison20:06Board Member Alignment Challenges21:30Public Benefit Corporation as a Solution22:30History of Corporate Purpose24:00Delaware Incorporation and Shareholder Primacy26:01The Normative Consensus Problem28:02Builder's Intuition and Structural Solutions30:30Limitations of PBC Protection32:01Problems with Independent Directors33:02Two-Entity Structure Solution34:30Rethinking Corporate Governance40:04Moving Beyond Shareholder Primacy40:32Alternative Corporate Structures41:31The Problem with 10-Year VC Fund Structures42:01Limitations of Founder Control and Dual-Class Shares43:00The Psychological Costs of Emperor-for-Life Structures44:00Public Benefit Corporations and Long-Term Structures45:01Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust45:31Challenges with Cap Table Curation47:01Structural Strength Enables Mission Consistency48:01
In a Nutshell

The core problem is that standard corporate structures—especially Delaware C-Corps with shareholder primacy—turn successful companies into targets for takeover, forcing founders out and prioritizing short-term investor returns over long-term mission. Founders can build "incorruptible" companies by adopting mission-controlled structures like Public Benefit Corporations (PBCs) and two-entity models (e.g., Novo Nordisk's nonprofit foundation overseeing a for-profit subsidiary), which legally embed a purpose beyond profit and create governance checks that outlast any individual. Evidence from Costco, Novo Nordisk, and Anthropic shows these structures attract aligned talent and investors, resist pressure to compromise, and dramatically improve survival odds over 50+ years compared to conventional setups.

AI-Generated Notes

These notes were generated by AI and may contain inaccuracies.

The best way to make money is to create more value than you capture by building something people want. Many ways of making money today allow people to get rich without creating any value at all.

Eric Ries, author of the New York Times bestseller The Lean Startup, is releasing a new book called Incorruptible: Why Good Companies Go Bad and How Great Companies Stay Great. The Lean Startup taught generations how to build companies, but the new book addresses how to protect what founders create.

All of Ries' books come from personal pain. He has observed many companies lose what made them special, with founders losing control and companies not becoming what they were intended to be. The Lean Startup helped create many companies worth protecting, but failed to provide tools for founders to stay in control and protect the trustworthiness of what they built.

Founders spend significant time on zero-to-one thinking, with The Lean Startup serving as a key resource. Until now, there has been no playbook for making companies last for a hundred years. Current leadership and entrepreneurship teaching emphasizes that success will protect you once product-market fit is achieved, but this view is incomplete.

The more successful an organization becomes, the more valuable it becomes as a target for takeover or theft. This represents a missing ingredient and major blind spot. Ries has witnessed this pattern across many companies and shares the story of coaching a founder referred to as "the professor" in the book.

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